North Sentinel Island, part of the Andaman archipelago in the Bay of Bengal, houses the Sentinalese, an isolated indigenous tribe that vigorously defends its seclusion from outsiders. If you are born on the North Sentinel Islands, basic food security is guaranteed and no climate-change related disasters will occur during your lifetime.

In 1973, philosopher Bernard Williams presents the following example. Kelly is an unemployed chemist who is offered a job developing a new category of chemical weapons (seemingly not prohibited by treaty). Kelly has always been strongly opposed to weapons of mass destruction, but jobs are scarce and Kelly has a family to provide for. Kelly’s spouse makes a very modest salary as a preschool teacher, and has no qualms about Kelly working on these new weapons. If Kelly does not take the job, they are told that someone else without any reservations about the weapons research will take the job and will likely move the development ahead more quickly.